Oven temperature converter between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Gas Mark, and descriptive ranges (Slow / Moderate / Hot). Useful for adapting recipes from other countries.
Four tabs: temperature conversion (all formats both directions), cooking temperature table (bread, cake, pizza, meat), recipe conversion with rounding, and air-fryer adaptation (reduce temp by 25°F and time by 20-25%).
Disclaimer: Actual oven temperatures vary by type (conventional, convection, electric). Use an oven thermometer for accuracy.
Calculator information
📋 How to use this calculator
- Select the input unit: Celsius, Fahrenheit, Gas Mark, or description (Slow/Moderate/Hot).
- Enter the temperature value you want to convert, e.g. 180°C or 350°F.
- Click Convert to see the result in all other units simultaneously.
- Use the Cooking Table tab as a reference for standard temperatures for bread, cake, pizza, and meat.
- To adapt recipes to an air fryer, use the dedicated tab: reduce temperature by 25°F (about 15°C) and time by 20-25%.
- Round results to the nearest 5°C or 25°F for easier home oven settings.
🧮 Temperature conversion across scales and UK Gas Mark
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32 ; °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9 ; Gas Mark = (°F - 250) / 25 + 1 ; Air Fryer = Oven - 25°F and time × 0.78
- °C = degrees Celsius
- °F = degrees Fahrenheit
- Gas Mark 1 = 275°F (135°C), each mark up = +25°F (~14°C)
- Description: Slow 300°F (150°C), Moderate 350°F (180°C), Hot 425°F (220°C), Very Hot 465°F (240°C)
Round to the nearest 5°C or 25°F. For convection/fan ovens, reduce 20°C (or 25°F) from conventional recipe settings.
💡 Worked example: American cookie recipe at 375°F converted across scales
Given:- Recipe temperature: 375°F
- Oven used: conventional
- Air fryer adaptation also calculated
Steps:- °C = (375 - 32) × 5/9 = 343 × 0.5556 = 190.6°C
- Round to 190°C
- Gas Mark = (375 - 250)/25 + 1 = 125/25 + 1 = 6
- Air fryer: 375 - 25 = 350°F = 177°C, time × 0.78
- If recipe calls for 12 minutes, air fryer = 12 × 0.78 = 9.4 minutes
Result: 375°F = 190°C = Gas Mark 6 = Moderately Hot. Air fryer: 350°F (175°C) for 9-10 minutes.
❓ Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a conventional and a fan (convection) oven?
A conventional oven heats from top and bottom elements with uneven heat distribution. A fan/convection oven has a fan that circulates hot air, cooking about 25% faster and more evenly. For conventional recipes in a fan oven, reduce temperature by 25°F (15°C) or time by 10-15%. Convection is great for layered pastries and roasting.
What is Gas Mark and when is it used?
Gas Mark is a UK gas oven scale from 1/4 to 9. Gas Mark 1 = 275°F = 135°C, and each 1-mark increase = +25°F (14°C). The scale is common in British recipes like Mary Berry or Jamie Oliver. Gas Mark 4 (350°F/180°C) is the standard temperature for baking cake.
What is the ideal temperature for bread, cake, and pizza?
Lean dough bread: 400-425°F (200-220°C) for 25-35 minutes. Cake (butter/sponge): 325-350°F (160-180°C) for 25-45 minutes with a toothpick test. Authentic Neapolitan pizza: 850-930°F (450-500°C) for 60-90 seconds in a wood-fired oven; home ovens max out at 475-500°F (250°C) for 8-12 minutes with a pizza stone.
Why does my baking always burn on top but stay raw in the middle?
Common causes: rack too high (use the middle), temperature too high (lower by 15-35°F or 10-20°C), or oven not preheated. Solutions: use an independent oven thermometer because home oven readings are often off by 15-35°F (10-20°C), cover the top with aluminum foil after it's golden, and bake on the center rack.
How do I adapt an oven recipe to an air fryer?
General rule: reduce temperature by 25°F (15°C) and time by 20-25% because an air fryer is essentially a mini convection oven that is more efficient. A recipe at 400°F (200°C) for 30 minutes becomes 375°F (185°C) for 22-24 minutes. Check 5 minutes early the first time. Arrange ingredients in a single layer without stacking for optimal air circulation.
📚 Sources & references
Last updated: May 11, 2026