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Oven Temperature Converter

Convert oven temperatures between Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Gas Mark. Cooking temperature reference, recipe converter, and air fryer adaptation.

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Oven temperature converter between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Gas Mark, and descriptive ranges (Slow / Moderate / Hot). Useful for adapting recipes from other countries.

Four tabs: temperature conversion (all formats both directions), cooking temperature table (bread, cake, pizza, meat), recipe conversion with rounding, and air-fryer adaptation (reduce temp by 25°F and time by 20-25%).

Disclaimer: Actual oven temperatures vary by type (conventional, convection, electric). Use an oven thermometer for accuracy.

Oven Temperature Calculator

Convert oven temperatures between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Gas Mark, and descriptions. Includes cooking temperature reference and air fryer conversions.

Enter Temperature

Input Unit

Conversion Result

Celsius

180 °C

Fahrenheit

356 °F

Gas Mark

Description

Moderately Hot

Gas Mark Reference

Gas Mark	°C	°F	Description
1/4	110	225	Very Slow
1/2	120	250	Slow
1	135	275	Slow
2	150	300	Moderate
3	165	325	Moderate
4	175	350	Moderate
5	190	375	Moderately Hot
6	200	400	Hot
7	220	425	Hot
8	230	450	Very Hot
9	245	475	Very Hot

Calculator information

How to use this calculator

Select the input unit: Celsius, Fahrenheit, Gas Mark, or description (Slow/Moderate/Hot).
Enter the temperature value you want to convert, e.g. 180°C or 350°F.
Click Convert to see the result in all other units simultaneously.
Use the Cooking Table tab as a reference for standard temperatures for bread, cake, pizza, and meat.
To adapt recipes to an air fryer, use the dedicated tab: reduce temperature by 25°F (about 15°C) and time by 20-25%.
Round results to the nearest 5°C or 25°F for easier home oven settings.

Temperature conversion across scales and UK Gas Mark

°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32 ; °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9 ; Gas Mark = (°F - 250) / 25 + 1 ; Air Fryer = Oven - 25°F and time × 0.78

°C = degrees Celsius
°F = degrees Fahrenheit
Gas Mark 1 = 275°F (135°C), each mark up = +25°F (~14°C)
Description: Slow 300°F (150°C), Moderate 350°F (180°C), Hot 425°F (220°C), Very Hot 465°F (240°C)

Round to the nearest 5°C or 25°F. For convection/fan ovens, reduce 20°C (or 25°F) from conventional recipe settings.

Worked example: American cookie recipe at 375°F converted across scales

Given:

Recipe temperature: 375°F
Oven used: conventional
Air fryer adaptation also calculated

Steps:

°C = (375 - 32) × 5/9 = 343 × 0.5556 = 190.6°C
Round to 190°C
Gas Mark = (375 - 250)/25 + 1 = 125/25 + 1 = 6
Air fryer: 375 - 25 = 350°F = 177°C, time × 0.78
If recipe calls for 12 minutes, air fryer = 12 × 0.78 = 9.4 minutes

Result: 375°F = 190°C = Gas Mark 6 = Moderately Hot. Air fryer: 350°F (175°C) for 9-10 minutes.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a conventional and a fan (convection) oven?

A conventional oven heats from top and bottom elements with uneven heat distribution. A fan/convection oven has a fan that circulates hot air, cooking about 25% faster and more evenly. For conventional recipes in a fan oven, reduce temperature by 25°F (15°C) or time by 10-15%. Convection is great for layered pastries and roasting.

What is Gas Mark and when is it used?

Gas Mark is a UK gas oven scale from 1/4 to 9. Gas Mark 1 = 275°F = 135°C, and each 1-mark increase = +25°F (14°C). The scale is common in British recipes like Mary Berry or Jamie Oliver. Gas Mark 4 (350°F/180°C) is the standard temperature for baking cake.

What is the ideal temperature for bread, cake, and pizza?

Lean dough bread: 400-425°F (200-220°C) for 25-35 minutes. Cake (butter/sponge): 325-350°F (160-180°C) for 25-45 minutes with a toothpick test. Authentic Neapolitan pizza: 850-930°F (450-500°C) for 60-90 seconds in a wood-fired oven; home ovens max out at 475-500°F (250°C) for 8-12 minutes with a pizza stone.

Why does my baking always burn on top but stay raw in the middle?

Common causes: rack too high (use the middle), temperature too high (lower by 15-35°F or 10-20°C), or oven not preheated. Solutions: use an independent oven thermometer because home oven readings are often off by 15-35°F (10-20°C), cover the top with aluminum foil after it's golden, and bake on the center rack.

How do I adapt an oven recipe to an air fryer?

General rule: reduce temperature by 25°F (15°C) and time by 20-25% because an air fryer is essentially a mini convection oven that is more efficient. A recipe at 400°F (200°C) for 30 minutes becomes 375°F (185°C) for 22-24 minutes. Check 5 minutes early the first time. Arrange ingredients in a single layer without stacking for optimal air circulation.

Sources & references

King Arthur Baking - Oven Temperature Conversions — King Arthur Baking Company
BBC Good Food - Oven Temperature Guide — BBC Good Food
USDA Safe Minimum Internal Temperatures — USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service

Last updated: May 11, 2026

Oven Temperature Converter

Oven Temperature Calculator

Gas Mark Reference

Calculator information

📋 How to use this calculator

🧮 Temperature conversion across scales and UK Gas Mark

💡 Worked example: American cookie recipe at 375°F converted across scales

❓ Frequently asked questions

📚 Sources & references

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How to use this calculator

Temperature conversion across scales and UK Gas Mark

Worked example: American cookie recipe at 375°F converted across scales

Frequently asked questions

Sources & references